꯱꯰꯶꯰ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

꯱꯰꯶꯰ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯶% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯇꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯂꯕꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫

ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ

ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯹.꯶%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ (ꯐꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯰.꯴%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯲.꯷꯱ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ/ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ.꯳ꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯛꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ 2 w/(m・K)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ .

꯷꯵-꯱꯳꯶ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯳%-꯲꯰%ꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯁꯟ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ii. ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯔꯣ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ .

ꯍꯣꯠ ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ (0.01-300mm) ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ (O/H14/H24, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

iii ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ .

ꯀꯔꯇꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ (0.8-1.5mm ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯆꯍꯤ 20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯇꯔ ꯕꯦꯖ (0.1{1}}0.3mm ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯊꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ), ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯕꯁꯕꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ .

ꯐꯨꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯐꯣꯏꯜ (0.006-0.2mm), ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯤꯠ (0.3-0.6mm)꯫

iv. ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯒꯥꯏꯗ

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯊꯤꯟ ꯐꯣꯏꯜ)꯫

ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯃꯤꯔꯔ, ꯃꯦꯠ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯣꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯄꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ

ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫

꯱꯰꯶꯰ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ-ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ (ꯀꯨꯏꯛ, ꯑꯣꯟ{1}}ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ)

ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯄꯦꯄꯥꯔ/ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

400-600 ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯄꯦꯄꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ (ꯑꯦꯖꯒꯤ 30-50mmꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ) ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯀꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯌꯥꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ 400-600 ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯄꯦꯄꯥꯔ (0.2mmꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯇꯁ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯔꯨꯐꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

2. ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ)

ꯄꯤꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ

ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 3-5 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ (30%-50% ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (60-70 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯗꯤꯜꯌꯨꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯂꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯝꯐꯣꯇꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ (40%-50%) ꯑꯃꯗꯥ 60-70 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 5-8 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫

꯳.ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯏꯅꯔꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯛ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ ( ꯹꯹.꯹꯹%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ .

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, M51-F ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ (ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ 179-200 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ 250 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

꯴.ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯴.

ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫

ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ​​ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 2ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯱꯰꯶꯰ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

I. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯋꯦꯠꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ:

ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯣꯄꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯟꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ): ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯂꯀꯣꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ: ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ (ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ-ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ: ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯂꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ: ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯇꯞꯄꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯛ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ii. ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ-ꯕꯦꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ

ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ (RMA): ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯟ/ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ .

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ (SMT ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ: ꯂꯣꯟ, ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯔ (ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯚ)꯫

ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯅꯤꯡ: ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

iii ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ-ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ: ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫

ꯕꯦꯆ ꯁꯣꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ: ꯕ꯭ꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫

ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯅꯕꯥ

ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ) ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯏꯁꯤꯡ-ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯕꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯗꯔꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫